How to Get a Home Loan against Your PF

Over the years, the Indian government has taken all possible measures to make sure every family has a roof over its head. Things have changed a lot from what it used to be- homes are offered at extremely affordable rates by the government as well as private builders; home loans have also become cheaper and convenient, one can apply for a home loan online and get instant approval as well as manage the loan account from the comfort of his home. All this is now possible because we envisioned it way before and made efforts toward it. Several progressive steps are taken by the government to make the housing scenario in India even better.

An important step was taken in 2016 when the government announced a housing scheme for the members of Employees’ Provident Fund Organization (EPFO). Under the scheme, EPFO subscribers are allowed to pledge their Provident Fund accumulations to buy a house or to build one. The monthly PF contributions can also be utilized towards the part or full repayment of their home loan or for making monthly EMI payments. This will make it easier for the middle-class buyers to purchase a home without compromising savings or cutting their monthly budget.

Let’s learn more about how the scheme works-

Home Loan against PF

There are over four crore EPF subscribers in India and it is a progressive move to assist them in buying a house. To explain in layman terms- the scheme allows you to use your PF account as collateral for your home loan. For the purpose of purchasing a house, you are allowed to withdraw funds from your PF account only after the completion of three years from the contribution. You can withdraw 90 percent of PF accumulation in your account or the cost of the real estate, whichever is lower. Earlier this amount was subject to the type of real estate you are buying. For plot purchase, the loan amount was equivalent to 24 months’ basic salary plus dearness allowance. And for buying a flat in an apartment project or for constructing your own house, the loan amount was 36 months’ basic salary and DA.

Withdrawals are possible from the PF account only if-

·         The employee is a member of EPFO for at least three years

·        The fund accumulation as well as the interest is at least Rs 20,000

It should also be noted that this amount can be withdrawn only once. This will be a triparty agreement involving the applicant, bank or financial institution and the EPFO, although the payment will be made by the EPFO directly to the lender bank. In case the allotment is cancelled, the amount has to be refunded into the PF account of the buyer within 15 days. In case the amount withdrawn exceeds the amount spent, the balance will be refunded to the PF account within 30 days of the deal. Home loan against PF can also be taken jointly but the co-applicant can be none other than the primary applicant’s spouse.

Payment of Home Loan EMIs through PF Account

Monthly instalments can also be made from your PF account towards an existing home loan taken in your name or in the name of your spouse. For this purpose, the lending institution will look at the amount contributed to the applicant’s PF account over the last three months.

Benefits of Home Loan against PF

The government is quite serious about making things more convenient for the people of India. A host of online services like linking Aadhaar to your PF account, UAN registrations etc. have been brought forward in a short span of time. Recently, the UAN withdrawal facility was also announced which would allow a member to withdraw his PF accumulation without employer’s signature. Home loan against PF is also very beneficial for the mid-segment homebuyers-

·         No need to squander your savings or cut your monthly budget to get a home loan.

·         You will get the age advantage; the older you are more will be the PF amount.

·         After 5 years of contribution, your PF money is tax-free, so you will enjoy dual income tax benefits on home loan as well as the PF account from which you are financing it.

This is a part of the ‘Housing for All by 2022’ initiative taken by the government. It aims at assisting the working generation in buying the home of their dreams in any location they want unlike the housing schemes wherein the government builds affordable homes for them. Buyers will be free to choose their home from the real estate market without any restriction. They will not only be able to take a home loan on their PF account but also repay outstanding EMIs through the same. There is no big stress to repay the amount as it is, in fact, an advance.

Indiabulls Home Loans and Tax Benefits

Getting the key to your dream home is a wonderful feeling. It takes years of hard work and savings for a middle-class family to finally buy a house. Home loans have come a long way in making home buying easier for the people of India. Persistent efforts are being made by the government to give every family a roof over its head; banks and financial institution are not far behind in making this dream a reality. Offering higher loan amount, easy terms and conditions and attractive interest rate, lenders are assisting mid-segment home-buyers in the best possible ways.

One of the most trusted home loan lending institutions is Indiabulls. It is the second largest housing finance company in India and is regulated by the National Housing Bank. Based on the pillars of transparency, integrity, professionalism and customer-centric approach, Indiabulls aims to share the load of homebuyers so that they can focus on other aspects of their new home. Indiabulls home loan can be availed by residents Indians as well as NRIs.

Key Highlights of Indiabulls Home Loan

Indiabulls offers home loans at highly competitive rates customized to meet the needs of different buyer segments. Given below are some of the key reasons why one should opt for Indiabulls home loan-

Purpose of Loan- Through Indiabulls, one can take loan not only to finance the purchase of a house but also for the construction of a residential house on a plot, for extension or improvement of an existing residential property or for the renovation of a house. So for every home related need you have, Indiabulls is there to support you.

Maximum Loan Amount- As a step towards sharing maximum load of a homebuyer, Indiabulls home loan can be taken for 90% of the property value, in case the cost is up to Rs 30 Lakhs. For properties ranging between Rs 30 Lakhs and Rs 75 Lakhs, the loan amount can be up to 80% of the value. For homes costing higher than Rs 75 Lakhs, up to 75% of the value can be funded through home loans. The maximum loan amount, however, is subject to the applicant’s repayment capacity.

Joint Home Loan Facility- Indiabulls home loan can also be taken jointly with a co-applicant subject to certain terms and conditions. Joint home loans are good for those with poor credit scores and they also allow extra income tax benefits.

Maximum Tenure- Usually banks grant home loans for a period of 20-25 years but Indiabulls home loan can be availed for a maximum tenure of 30 years subject to the retirement age of the applicant.

Indiabulls Home Loan Interest Rate

Indiabulls home loans are available at adjustable interest rates. These are linked to its benchmark rate which is subject to change but the monthly EMI outgo remains unchanged. In case the rate increases, the interest component in your EMI will be increased and principal amount is reduced and vice-versa. 

The table given below shows Indiabulls home loan interest rates for different property values-

Home Loan Amount	Adjustable Interest Rates
Upto and including Rs 75 Lakhs	8.65% to 9.75%
From Rs 75 Lakhs up to Rs 3 Crores	8.70% to 10.75%
From Rs 3 Crores up to Rs 5 Crores	8.80% to 11.25%
Above Rs 5 Crores	10.00% to 11.75%

A mix of fixed and floating interest rates is also offered by Indiabulls. The rate is fixed for the first three years after which interest is charged as per the prevailing adjustable rates of interest. The interest rate margin will also be adjusted to the benchmark rates of Indiabulls.

Tax Benefits on Indiabulls Home Loan

One can avail certain tax benefits on Indiabulls home loans. Under section 24B of the Income Tax Act, you can get a tax deduction of up to Rs 2 Lakh towards interest paid on your home loan. Also, under section 80C, You can get deduction up to Rs 1,50,000 from the Income on repayment of home loan principal during a financial year.

Other Benefits of Indiabulls Home Loan

Some other feature of this home loan are-

·         Pre-approved home loan facility is also offered by Indiabulls.

·         No pre-payment / foreclosure charges on home loans.

·         One can manage his loan account online or through Indiabulls latest mobile application.

·         Quick processing and disbursal of loan; online one click approval facility is also available.

·         Balance transfer facility with reduced interest rates and EMIs.

Online Tool for home loan EMI calculator

Most people take home loans when they are buying a property, and for the same they would want to calculate the EMI or Equated Monthly Instalment precisely. Doing the calculation manually is a tedious job and one can go wrong anywhere. It is, therefore, safe to use the home loan EMI calculator- an online tool that will help you learn about the EMI as quickly as possible.

The home loan EMI calculator online tool requires minimal inputs and assures customized results. 

What are the parameters that are required to use the loan EMI calculator? 

• You need to include the tenure of your home loan repayment procedure by moving the slider. 

• Also, write the loan amount on the slider tool. 

• Input the interest rate in the designated field. Since the entered area is earmarked with the percentage (%) sign, you do not have to manually input it.

• When using the EMI home loan calculator, bear in mind about prepayments. You have to choose any of the options, yes/no, which shows as the final input. 

The reasons why you should use home loan EMI calculator is that it has many advantages which include speed, simplicity of the process, free to use and experimental since it is capable of testing different interest rates along with varying tenure combinations. 

Using the EMI home loan calculator, you can easily manage home loan repayments. How? 

EMI home loan calculator is user-friendly and is particularly designed to simplify the tedious job. The calculation is performed in the shortest possible time. It is the best online tool to manage your home loans better than you had ever imagined. Now that we have discussed about EMI home loan calculator, let’s understand the formula used for calculating home loan EMI. 

The basic formula to calculate the monthly instalment of your home loan is:

E= P x r x (1+r)^n/(1+r)^(n-1)

What is P? 

P is the principal amount which is borrowed. 

What is r?

R is the rate of interest which is provided on a monthly basis. Remember that the interest rate is provided annually. To include the interest rate on a monthly basis, you should use r=(annual interest/12)x100. 

While this formula is used to manually calculate the EMI, it may not be accurate as the home loan EMI calculator. 

How the online tool works? 

The online home loan EMI calculator is a convenient and user-friendly interface. The essential inputs are loan tenure, loan amount, applicable processing fee, applicable interest rate, and along with this you have the choice of ‘yes’ or ‘no’ for pre-payment option. Then, click on the ‘’Calculate’’ button and you will get the desired result. 

What are the benefits of home loan EMI calculator? 

• The calculator helps to understand the differing financial charges like the processing fee value and total interest paid. 

• The home loan EMI calculator enables to ascertain the EMI amount in seconds. With inputs such as rate of interest, loan amount and loan term, you will know the EMI amount payable.
  
• If you know the EMI value, it will help you choose the tenure of the loan. If the tenure is small, the EMI is higher. 

• Also, the home loan EMI calculator helps you in loan management. If you have a special objective to pay off the loan before time, then the EMI calculator will help you make your choice. 

Thus, using the home loan EMI calculator serves as the best way to calculate EMIs and to know how easily and quickly you can pay off the loan.

What is floating interest rates of DHFL Home Loans?

There are several home loan providers in the market trying to mark their name in the competitive environment. One of those is DHFL which is doing great business these days. The bank belongs to the private sector but the facilities offered are one of the best in the market which make people look forward to avavil a loan from the bank. One of the major advantages that the bank provides is low rate of interest. The DHFL home loan interest rates are always at the lowest level making customers feel secured. However, the interest rates vary according to the type of the loan.

The best interest rate for loan

While there are different interest rates for different home loans, the best rate offered is 8.60% currently. This is flexible interest rate and will vary according to the market rate of interest and the margin mentioned by RBI. The effective rate of interest starts from 9%. This makes the EMI per month really low and makes it easy for anyone to afford a home at that EMI. Lower interest rate will also increase your eligibility as EMI is determined based on your paying capacity. 

DHFL home loan interest rates

Home loan interest rate for salaried and self-employed people may vary and the tenure can be 1 to 30 years. DHFL home loan interest rates usually start from 9% onwards. 

For salaried individuals

The interest for salaried individuals start from 9% per annum and that is applicable for loan amount up to 75 lacs. If you want to take a loan of more than 75 lakhs but less than 1.5 crore, the interest rate will be 9.15%. From 1.5 crores to 3 crores, the interest rate is fixed at 9.35% and for bigger amounts the interest will be 9.75%. 

For Self-Employed

For people who are self-employed,, the interest rate is a bit higher compared to the salaried employees. The interest rate for up to 75 lacs is 9.10% while for the range of 75 lacs to 1.5 crores; the rate is fixed at 9.25%. For loans over 1.5 crore and less than 3 crores, the rate of interest charged by the bank is 9.45% and for any amount more than that you will have to pay an interest of 10%. 

Apart from the home loan interest, a borrower also needs to pay a processing fee of Rs.5000 for a loan up to 30 lacs. For a loan up to 75 lacs the processing fee is Rs. 10,000 and for amount more than that the processing fee is Rs. 20,000. This is a nonrefundable amount charged by the bank and it is charged only once. There are some other charges too that depend upon the terms and conditions of the loan. 

There are several reasons why people choose DHFL as their home loan partner. One of those reasons is that the bank is a user friendly one and the interest rate is quite low too. The bank makes sure that the burden is lower for the borrower and thus tries to offer the best rate in the market. Apart from that, the processing of the loan is done quite early making it a convenient option for the borrower who wants things to be wrapped up as early as possible. The representative of the bank will guide you in every step of processing the loan and doorstep service is offered to customers who are unable to visit the branch. The documentation process is easy and hassle free and that is the reason why it has become easy to take a loan from DHFL.

How to apply for an Axis Bank Home Loan on Paisabazaar.com

Owning a house signifies success for the fast growing Indian middle class. As the incomes of families are increasing, so is the desire to own a house and this in turn has led to the increase in the prices of real estate. This is not just true for larger cities, but also for the smaller ones across the country. The excessive prices of property have made it impossible for the common Indian to be able to buy real estate only on the strength of their savings. This is the main reason why more and more people in the country are applying for home loans.

Online availability of home loans

The internet has changed the way we do things in life, from shopping to education and even healthcare. Nowadays whenever people want to buy some product or service, the first place that they look is the internet. This is also true for financial products because most banks and financial organizations have their own user friendly websites which provide information about their loan products. At the same time, there are many dedicated websites like Paisabazaar.com which provide information about the loan products of different banks available in the market.

How to apply for home loan on Paisabazaar.com

When you log on to the official loan website of Paisabazaar.com, you will come across an online form. The different details required in this form are:

1. What is the purpose of your loan?
2. What kind of property you want?
3. Enter amount you wish to borrow
4. How are you currently employed?
5. Your net monthly income
6. Choose your property city
7. Where do you currently reside?
8. Your email ID
9. Your mobile number

By filling out this online form, you will get the different loan options available with Paisabazaar.com. At the same time, if you wish to apply for the home loan from a particular bank like Axis Bank, then there is an option available below the online form on the right hand side of the web page. All you need to do is click on the option Axis Bank Home Loan. An online form provided by Axis Bank will open up. On this form you need to provide your full name, email ID and mobile number and submit this information. In a short time you will be contacted by the staff of the Axis Bank who will discuss your loan requirements with you.

Different loan products of Axis Bank

On the web page with the online form required to apply for Axis Bank home loan, there is information about the different home loan products provided by Axis Bank. You can study these options and decide which product you wish to opt for. Home loans offered by Axis bank have excellent features like transparent processing, flexible tenures and quick service. This bank offers doorstep service so that a borrower does not even have to visit the bank branch. The different loan products offered by Axis Bank are:

• Home loans – The interest rates charged by Axis bank are quite reasonable making them quite popular with home buyers. At the same time, you have the choice of fixed as well as floating rate of interest.

• Happy ending home loans – This is a unique product offered by Axis bank in which if the borrower pays the EMI regularly then the last 12 EMIs are waived off.

• Empower home loans – These loans are specifically designed for self employed individuals if they have a good banking track record.

• Asha Home loans – This is a tailor made home loan product which is meant for small time borrowers

• Super saver home loans – this products enables the borrower to save the interest payments on borrowings

All these products have different features which make them suitable for different requirements of the borrowers from different segments of society.

SBI Bank Home Loan

Home Sweet home , which is closer to the heart, which everyone wants to possess and decorate with inspirational ideas which can be duplexes, mansions & apartments alike , this dream will come true by SBI Home Loan.

SBI offers several loan products to unleash this dream. SBI has got many awards in the survey conducted by various research agencies, this is the result of best guidelines, ethics, and ideas that have proven from many years of the experience in delighting the customer.

SBI Home Loan have an edge of the below points;-

• Low Processing Fees.
• Stack of exclusive benefits.
• Lower interest rates , with added advantage of daily reducing balance.
• No Hidden cost or administrative cost.
• The convenience of paying the excess amount of the loan, this reduces the interest payment for all these pre-payments there are no penalties.
• Branches spread over the country to cater to the needy people.
• Home loan also available as an overdraft. To Optimally utilize the surplus funds.

Criteria for availing the SBI Home Loans:-

1. The applicant should be 18 years for salaried class and 21 years for the business class, up to 70 years.
2. Salaried or Self Employed with regular source of Income.
3. All appropriate documentation like Form 16 , Salary slip , 3 months Bank Statement for the salaried class and Filled ITR or Form 16 and 6 months Bank Statement for the self employed are the minimum documents required for processing the SBI bank Home Loan.

The foremost step involved in buying the property is locating the property with all the correct property documentation & after the docs are verified thoroughly from your side check your eligibility that matches the lender’s criteria.

Eligibility Criteria for availing SBI Bank Home Loan :

• Applicants should be between 18 years to 70 years , 21 yrs for the Self Employed.
• Minimum Income should be Rs.1,20,000 p.a for salaried and Rs. 2,00,000 for salaried persons.
• Home Loan tenure is one of the vital factor in deciding the home loan process, SBI helps its clientele in selecting the tenure up to 30 years (or) Up to the age of 70 years whichever is lower for the repayment period.
• Loan eligibility depends on the age of the borrower. Younger people will have more eligibility amount and loan eligibility can be increased by adding spouse as co-applicant.
• SBI offers up to 90% of the value of property, depending upon the other eligibility criteria.

SBI Home Loan EMI Calculator.

SBI Home Loan EMI calculator helps in calculating the approximate EMI for the Home loan for a particular loan amount and interest rate, along with the tenure .

EMI is calculated per lac of loan, which is augmented with the loan amount.

SBI Home Loan Calculator gives good idea about the EMI charge on the applicant for each month to plan the funds before deciding on the Home Loan.

SBI Home Loan Calculator takes into consideration , loan amount , tenure of the loan and interest rate, which is floating/ fixed to calculate the estimated EMI. This makes it very easy yardstick to get the info.

Below are the glimpse of the SBI Home Loan Calculation.

SBI Home Loan Per Lakh EMI Calculation on Yearly Basis

Interest Rates	Loan Tenure	Lowest EMI Per Lakh
9.10% – 9.30%	30 Years	Rs.822.68 – Rs.826.30
9.10% – 9.30%	25 Years	Rs.856.38 – Rs.859.83
9.10% – 9.30%	20 Years	Rs.915.87 – Rs.919.11
9.10% – 9.30%	15 Years	Rs.1029.19 – Rs.1032.19
9.10% – 9.30%	10 Years	Rs.1280.33 – Rs.1283.05
9.10% – 9.30%	5 Years	Rs.2087.99 – Rs.2090.43

SBI Home Loan EMI Calculator is very low and at a competitive amount per lac of loan.

Which is Rs. 815/- for Men and Rs.812/- for Women.

There are some preferential points for the SBI Bank Loan.

1. SBI Processing fees charges are very low in the India.
2. 0% Processing Fee on SBI approved projects till 31st December, 2016.
3. 0% Processing Fee for takeover of Home Loan proposals till 31st December, 2016.
4. Presently we have SBI Home Loan Festival till 31.12.2016 which started in early November. This offer saves borrowers to save Rs.21.98 per lac /month and eventually Rs.158,256 for a tenure of 30 years. Which only premier bank like SBI can offer to its customers.
5. Moratorium Period /Re-payment Holiday which is another aspect which has an edge in deciding the Home loan. SBI Home Loans comes with Moratorium period options.
6. Borrowers are eligible for the Tax benefits on the interest and principal component of the EMI under the Income TaX Act of 1961.
7. SBI Home Loan interest rates are modified according the Repo-rates of the RBI.
8. SBI comes up with various Home Loan products considering the latest trends in the economy , financial market coupled with the policies of the Government.

Below are the SBI Home Loan products at a glance.

1. SBI Flexipay Home Loan.
2. SBI Maxgain.
3. SBI Hope Loan.
4. NRI Home Loans.
5. SBI Realty.
6. SBI PAL
7. SBI Tribal Plus.
8. Gram Niwas.
9. Sahyog Niwas.
10. SBI Privilage Home Loan.
11. SBI Shaurya Home Loan.
12. SBI Top Up Home Loan
13. SBI Reverse Mortgage Loan.

The above products of the SBI caters in all the sections of the society.which is rare in the banking sector in our country.

In recent times, with more and more Indians go out of the country to pursue their professional desire, NRI Home loans are very frequently opted. With minimum employment tenure in India and abroad for 2 years, with no maximum amount of limit for the loan to opt. This scheme covers a large chunk of NRI, who want to have a dream home in their home town.

SBI Top up Home Loan , is also extensively used product of the SBI Home Loan. In this scheme borrower who has the pleasing track record are extended to the top up loan to meet the additional fund requirements up to Rs. 5,00,000/- with slighter processing fees.

How to calculate home loan EMIs

Home loan EMI calculation is a very tedious and time-consuming task if done manually. Hence, most banks provide EMI calculators on their websites to aid customers in making wise financial decisions.

 

A home loan EMI (equated monthly instalment) is the amount that is payable every month to a financial institution, from which the loan has been taken, from until the loan is repaid. It compromise of principal and the interest amount. That amount calculated by the tenure, the number of months, in which the loan to be repaid. This computed amount paid on monthly basis. Initially in the EMI, the interest amount is more and principal is less but gradually the visa -versa happens when getting close to repayment. The four major factors taken into consideration for an EMI are:

1. Amount of the Principal: It is the amount that is borrowed by the customer and it forms the major part in determining the EMI of the loan.
   
2. Interest Rate: The borrower has taken the loan from the market at that rate. It is most important factor in determining the EMI of the loan cause the more the interest the more will be the EMI and if lesser interest then less EMI.
   
3. Tenure of Loan: It is the timeframe required to repay the loan to the organisation or the banks. The longer the timeframe the lesser the amount of EMI but that would also mean higher total interest outflow.
   
4. Computation Method: The methods taken into consideration to calculate the EMI also becomes a crucial factor in paying the loan. The various Methods mentioned below:

1. Annual Reducing Method: in this method, the EMI though paid by the borrower at the end of each month, but the principal amount and interest rate calculated at the end of the year. However, it not that beneficial for the lender as he keeps paying the interest amount of the principal paid already.
   
2. Monthly Reducing Loan: It is very easy, simple and safe and most commonly used method to calculate EMI. The principal reduces with every EMI paid each month and the interest being calculated on the outstanding amount.
   
3. Daily Reducing Loan: as obvious by its name, the principal reduced each day with the payment of EMI interest charged on outstanding balance but paying daily is not feasible so it is not that common method.

EMI Formula:

E = P x r x (1+r)^n/((1+r)^n – 1)

Where E = EMI

P=Principal Of Loan Amount

r=rate of interest paid on monthly basis. For example interest/12/100 if for suppose the rate of interest is 9.10% per annum then r=9.10/12/100 which is 0.00758 per month.

n=duration of loan or term or tenure.

For Example: if we take a loan of 1000000 Rs at 9.10% interest per annum for 10 years (120 months) from a bank.

EMI=1000000*0.00758*(1+0.00758)120/((1+0.00758)120-1)=Rs 12722. Thus, we pay 12722 rupees for 10 years. Therefore, amounting to Rs 1526640 in 10 years, which is 526640 Rupees of interest, paid on loan.

Thus, by the above formula, one can take out the EMI but for big loan amounts it becomes very tedious and hence major banks have home loan calculator on sites. Even they have different attributes like processing fee deduction and pre-payment closer charges.

Schedule of Home loan Amortization: It is a statement given by the financial institution stating about the elaborated details of future payments outstanding, amount that was borrowed and payment that is already received by the bank. . It gives comprehensive details about the EMI value, the balance of payment before the EMI starts, and the breakup of EMI showing the principal and interest repaid until the end. This schedule is obtainable on the sites by using the calculator, which they prepare from financial mathematics. It is vital for the borrower to make the decision of pre-closure or refinancing. 

Step up and down EMI: sometimes the EMI set or designed as per the salary increase and decrease of borrower’s. In step up the EMI increases as per the apprehensions that the salary of borrower will increase in future. In such a case the EMI initially charged is less and then increased as per the salary but this can be done only twice in the entire loan tenure. In case of step down, the EMI is higher and it is reduced if the income decreases.

Advanced Disbursement and Pre EMI: In case of construction link, plan the disbursement done as per construction in that case the pre-EMI, mainly interest paid on the amount borrowed until the final disbursal takes place. Then in some cases when before construction completes the loan disbursed is called advanced disbursement that is done looking at the loyalty of the constructor that he has the capacity to deliver the project on time, in such case the EMI starts immediately as disbursement take place.

Floating and fixed rate of interest: Where EMI calculated on floating and fixed rates.

• Floating: When the rate that is left open for market fluctuations that can go up and done with increase and decrease it is called floating rate. Thus, the EMI can also increase and decrease as per the market flow.
  
• Fixed: When EMI paid at constant rate and the fluctuations of the rate is not take into consideration its fixed rate. In this case, the borrower should chose this type of rate when they have reached the lowest point and a increase in is expected in the future otherwise it becomes a fix for him to pay the same EMI even if market rates are too low.

So above are all the details how the EMI calculated for home loans. This is always an added advantage to do a market survey of leading organisation on sites. Still it is advisable to get the final say from where the loan to be taken.